01 / Earth systems

Physical Geography

Landforms, climate, oceans and the living systems of the planet.

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01

Physical Geography

Earth's Rotation

The west-to-east spin of Earth and its effects on time, motion and circulation.

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02

Physical Geography

Earth's Revolution

Earth's annual orbit around the Sun and the geometry behind the seasons.

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03

Physical Geography

Latitude and Longitude

The coordinate framework used to locate places.

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04

Physical Geography

Seasons

Seasonal change caused by axial tilt and revolution.

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05

Physical Geography

Earth's Interior

The layered structure of the crust, mantle and core.

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06

Physical Geography

Plate Tectonics

The movement of lithospheric plates and its role in shaping Earth's surface.

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07

Physical Geography

Earthquakes

Sudden ground movement caused by released tectonic energy.

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08

Physical Geography

Volcanoes

Openings through which magma, gases and ash reach the surface.

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09

Physical Geography

Rocks

The three major rock groups and the rock cycle.

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10

Physical Geography

Weathering and Erosion

The breakdown and removal of material that reshape landscapes.

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11

Physical Geography

Atmosphere

The gaseous envelope supporting weather, climate and life.

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12

Physical Geography

Atmospheric Pressure

The force exerted by the weight of air.

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13

Physical Geography

Winds

The horizontal movement of air from high to low pressure.

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14

Physical Geography

Ocean Currents

Large-scale movements of seawater driven by wind, density and rotation.

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15

Physical Geography

Tides

Periodic sea-level change produced mainly by lunar and solar gravity.

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